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Nectogalini shrews in Central Europe: fossil record, taxonomy, range dynamics.
Pažitková, Barbora ; Horáček, Ivan (advisor) ; Farková, Lucie (referee)
History of shrew clades composing the tribe Nectogalini (including the European genus Neomys) is only poorly comprehended, both due to fragmentarity of their fossil record and incompatibility of the discrimination criteria applied in extant taxa with actual character availability in fossil material. Thus, the presented study started with a thorough biometric reexamination of extant taxa (144 ind. of N. fodiens and N. milleri, 45 ind. ofAsiatic forms) with aid of 217 metric variables and establishing a series of discrimination criteria applicable to fragmentary fossil record. Using it, I analyzed 112 fossil items available from MN15 to Q4 sites of Czech Republic and Slovakia. A rich sample from the present glacial cycle (MIS 5b to Recent) demonstrated that both N. fodiens and N. milleri colonized the region of Central Europe either in earlier stages of Vistulian glacial, in early post-LGM glacial and throughout whole Holocene (though their distribution patterns were perhaps mostly mosaic in both species). The items from the late Biharian (Q2) and the earliest Middle Pleistocene (Q3) were found to represent a single clade characterized by relatively broad phenotype variation. This form, belonging clearly to the genus Neomys, was coidentified with Neomys newtoni Hinton, 1911. The pattern of its...
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Diversity and phylogeny of the lacertid lizards (Lacertidae) with emphasis on the tribe Eremiadini
Hlaváč, Denis ; Šmíd, Jiří (advisor) ; Chmelař, Jan (referee)
The family Lacertidae (lizards) belongs to the class Reptilia (reptiles) and the order Squamata (scaly reptiles). This family consists of two subfamilies, Lacertinae and Gallotinae, which are diversified into 45 genera and approximately 368 species. The subfamily Lacertinae is divided into two tribes, namely the tribus Eremiadini and Lacertini. The tribe Lacertini can be further divided into two clades: the Ethiopian and the Saharan-Eurasian clade. The subfamily Lacertinae, with approximately 354 species, is much larger than the subfamily Gallotinae, which consists of only 14 species. From the subfamily Lacertinae, the larger tribus Eremiadini is formed by 215 species classified in 22 genera. Representatives of this family can be found in Europe, Africa and Asia, but the center of origin is Europe. They belong to the dominant species of herpetofauna in Europe. The Eremiadini tribe separated from the rest of the Lacertidae family in the past and migrated to Africa, where it diversified into its present form. Currently, the diversity of the Eremiadini tribe is concentrated in Africa, but a large number of species also occur in Asia. The body is small to medium in size, which usually does not exceed 90 mm without the tail. The body shape is slender and the tail is relatively long compared to the body...
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The use of diatoms (Bacillariophyta) in paleolimnology
Aubrechtová, Martina ; Kulichová, Jana (advisor) ; Píšková, Anna (referee)
This thesis is a literature review summarizing methodology and the possibility of use of diatoms (Bacillariophyta) for paleoecological reconstructions of extinct lacustrine ecosystems. In addition, the theoretical part of the thesis is devoted to basic characteristics, evolutionary history and ecology of the group, lakes and the fossil record. In the practical part, two samples of sediments of a fossil lake that has been discovered and studied within the Morava Project in Strážnické Pomoraví are compared.
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History of Sorex araneus group in the western Palearctics (Mammalia, Soricidae)
Cestrová, Aneta ; Horáček, Ivan (advisor) ; Vohralík, Vladimír (referee)
The bachelor thesis reviews the literary data on the species group Sorex araneus, one of the most important component of the Holoarctic communities of small ground mammals. It provides a brief account of the life history patterns of the group (activity pattern, foraging strategy, reproduction) responding to demands of extremelly high energentic metabolism. The evolutionary setting of the group is characterized by a specific complex of sex chromosomes XX/XY1Y2, and enormous extent of chromosomal polymorphism due to multiple Robertsonain translocations producing a large number of chromosomal races with distinct combination of metacentric chromosomes. The interpretations on history of the group provided by molecular phylogenetics are compared with phylogenetic signals of the abundant fossil record of the group. Despite its richness (more than 300 fossil assemblages) the interpretation of fossil record is still confused and calls for a detailed re-examination. Key words: Sorex araneus, fossil record, phylogeography, Pleistocene, Palearctic
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Fossil record of bats in Europe: survey of primary evidence.
Trávníčková, Eva ; Horáček, Ivan (advisor) ; Benda, Petr (referee)
The present thesis provides updated survey of fossil record of bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) in Europe. Main part of this paper is systematic overview, which is divided to individual nominal taxa and lists the details on their particular records (locality, stratigraphic position, reference). Excerption of 224 literary sources revealed 1108 primary records representing at least 200 species, 50 genera and 18 families. Essential significance of the fossil record for studies on history of European bats is emphasized. Representation of particular taxa, reliability of their fossil record and the factor influencing their appearance in the fosil record are discussed.
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The use of diatoms (Bacillariophyta) in paleolimnology
Aubrechtová, Martina ; Píšková, Anna (referee) ; Kulichová, Jana (advisor)
This thesis is a literature review summarizing methodology and the possibility of use of diatoms (Bacillariophyta) for paleoecological reconstructions of extinct lacustrine ecosystems. In addition, the theoretical part of the thesis is devoted to basic characteristics, evolutionary history and ecology of the group, lakes and the fossil record. In the practical part, two samples of sediments of a fossil lake that has been discovered and studied within the Morava Project in Strážnické Pomoraví are compared.
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